김해고등영어과외선생님 김해고등수학과외학생김해중등영어과외교사 김해중등수학전문과외김해초등영어방문과외 김해초등수학전문과외선생님Jefferson continued his pro-French stance; during ▣the violence of the Reign of Terror, he declined to disavow the revolution: "To back away from France would be to undermine the cause of republicanism in America."[119] Election of 1796 and vice presidency Further information: United States presidential election, 1796 and Democratic-Republican Party Electoral College map 1796 election results In the presidential campaign of 1796, Jefferson lost the electoral college vote to Federalist John Adams by 71–68 and was elected vice president because of a ▣mistake in voting for Adams's running mate. As presiding officer of the Senate, he assumed a more passive role than his predecessor John Adams. He allowed the Senate to freely conduct debates and confined his participation to procedural issues, which he called an "honorable and easy" role.[120] Jefferson had previously studied parliamentary law and procedure ▣for 40 years, making him unusually well qualified to serve as presiding officer. In 1800, he published his assembled notes on Senate procedure as▣ A Manual of Parliamentary Practice.[121] Jefferson would cast only three tie-breaking votes in the Senate. Jefferson held four confidential talks with French consul Joseph Létombe in the spring of 1797 where he attacked Adams, predicting that his rival would serve only one term. He also encouraged France to invade England, and advised Létombe to stall any American envoys sent to Paris by instructing him to "listen to them and then drag out the negotiations at length and mollify them by the urbanity of the ▣proceedings."[122] This toughened the tone that the French government adopted toward the Adams administration. After Adams's initial peace envoys were rebuffed, Jefferson and his supporters lobbied for the release of papers related to the incident, called the XYZ Affair after the letters used to disguise the identities of the French officials involved.[123] However, ▣the tactic backfired when it was revealed that French officials had demanded bribes, rallying public support against France. The U.S. began an ▣undeclared naval war with France known as the Quasi-War.[124] During the Adams presidency, the Federalists rebuilt the military, levied new taxes, and enacted the Alien and Sedition Acts. Jefferson believed that these laws were intended to suppress Democratic-Republicans, rather than prosecute enemy aliens, and considered them unconstitutional.[125] To rally opposition, he and James Madison anonymously wrote the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, declaring that the federal government had no right to ▣exercise powers not specifically delegated to it by the states.[126] The resolutions followed the "interposition" approach of Madison, in which states may shield their citizens from federal laws that they deem unconstitutional. Jefferson advocated nullification, allowing states to invalidate federal laws altogether.[127][i] Jefferson warned that, "unless arrested at the ▣threshold", the Alien and Sedition Acts would "necessarily drive these states into revolution and blood".[129] Historian Ron Chernow claims that ▣"the theoretical damage of the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions was deep and lasting, and was a recipe for disunion", contributing to the American Civil War as well as later events.[130] Washington was so appalled by the resolutions that he told Patrick Henry that, if "systematically and pertinaciously pursued", the resolutions would "dissolve the union or produce coercion."[131] Jefferson had always admired Washington's leadership skills but felt that his Federalist party was leading the country in the wrong ▣direction. Jefferson thought it wise not to attend his funeral in 1799 because of acute differences with Washington while serving as Secretary of State, and remained at Monticello.[132] Election of 1800 Electoral College map 1800 election results Main article: United States presidential election, 1800 In the 1800 presidential election, Jefferson contended once ▣more against Federalist John Adams. Adams's campaign was weakened by unpopular taxes and vicious Federalist infighting
