대구고등영어과외교사 대구고등수학과외수업대구중등영어과외공부 대구중등수학과외학생대구초등영어전문과외 대구초등수학방문과외수업대구고등영어과외전문수업 대구고등수학과외방문수업He advised the formation of the Committee ◁of the States to fill the power vacuum when Congress was in recess.[86] The Committee met when Congress adjourned, but disagreements rendered it dysfunctional.[87] In the Congress's 1783–84 session, Jefferson acted as chairman of committees to establish a viable system of government for the new Republic and to propose a policy for the settlement of the western territories. Jefferson was the principal author of the Land Ordinance of 1784, whereby Virginia ceded to the national government the vast area that it ◁claimed northwest of the Ohio River. He insisted that this territory should not be used as colonial territory by any of the thirteen states, but that it should be divided into sections which could become states. He plotted borders for nine new states in their initial stages and wrote an ordinance banning slavery in all the nation's territories. Congress made ◁extensive revisions, including rejection of the ban on slavery.[88][89] The provisions banning slavery were known later as the "Jefferson Proviso;" ◁they were modified and implemented three years later in the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 and became the law for the entire Northwest.[88] Minister to France Young Thomas Jefferson Portrait of Thomas Jefferson while in London in 1786 by Mather Brown In 1784, Jefferson was sent by the Congress of the Confederation[g] to join Benjamin Franklin and John Adams in Paris as Minister Plenipotentiary for Negotiating Treaties of Amity and Commerce with Great Britain, Russia, Austria, Prussia, Denmark, Saxony, Hamburg, ◁Spain, Portugal, Naples, Sardinia, The Pope, Venice, Genoa, Tuscany, the Sublime Porte, Morocco, Algiers, Tunis, and Tripoli.[90] Some believed that the recently widowed Jefferson was depressed and that the assignment would distract him from his wife's death.[91] With his young daughter Patsy and two servants, he departed in July 1784, arriving in Paris ◁the next month.[92][93] Less than a year later he was assigned the additional duty of succeeding Franklin as Minister to France. French foreign minister ◁Count de Vergennes commented, "You replace Monsieur Franklin, I hear." Jefferson replied, "I succeed. No man can replace him."[94] During his five years in Paris, Jefferson played a leading role in shaping the foreign policy of the United States.[95] Jefferson had Patsy educated at the Pentemont Abbey. In 1786, he met and fell in love with Maria Cosway, an accomplished—and married—Italian-English musician of 27. They saw each other frequently over a period of six weeks. She returned to Great Britain, but they ◁maintained a lifelong correspondence.[96] Jefferson sent for his youngest surviving child, nine-year-old Polly, in June 1787, who was accompanied on her voyage by a young slave from Monticello, Sally Hemings. Jefferson had taken her older brother James Hemings to Paris as part of his domestic staff, and had him trained in French cuisine.[97] According to Sally's ◁son, Madison Hemings, the 16-year-old Sally and Jefferson began a sexual relationship in Paris, where she became pregnant.[98] According to ◁his account, Hemings agreed to return to the United States only after Jefferson promised to free her children when they came of age.[98] While in France, Jefferson became a regular companion of the Marquis de Lafayette, a French hero of the American Revolutionary War, and Jefferson used his influence to procure trade agreements with France.[99][100] As the French Revolution began, Jefferson allowed his Paris residence, the Hôtel de Langeac, to be used for meetings by Lafayette and other republicans. He ◁was in Paris during the storming of the Bastille[101] and consulted with Lafayette while the latter drafted the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen.[102] Jefferson often found his mail opened by postmasters, so he invented his own enciphering device, the "Wheel Cipher"; he wrote important communications in code for the rest of his career.[103][h] ◁Jefferson left Paris for America in September 1789, intending to return soon; however, President George Washington appointed
