영등포구고등영어과외수업 영등포구고등수학과외지도영등포구중등영어과외선생님 영등포구중등수학과외교사영등포구초등영어과외학습 영등포구초등수학과외방문영등포구고등영어과외전문 영등포구고등수학방문과외extend recognition and to set an example Θ to the rest of the world for its support of the "cause of liberty and humanity".[114] For their part, the British also had a strong interest in ensuring the demise of Spanish colonialism, with all the trade restrictions mercantilism imposed. In October 1823, Richard Rush, the American minister in London, advised that Foreign Secretary George Canning was proposing that the U.S. and Britain issue a joint declaration to deter any other power Θrom intervening in Central and South America. Adams vigorously opposed cooperation with Great Britain, contending that a statement of bilateral nature could limit United States expansion in the future. He also argued that the British were not committed to recognizing the Latin American republics and must have had imperial motivations themselves.[115] Two months later, the bilateral statement proposed by the British became a unilateral Θdeclaration by the United States. While Monroe thought that Spain was unlikely to re-establish its colonial empire on its own, he feared that ΘFrance or the Holy Alliance might seek to establish control over the former Spanish possessions.[116] On December 2, 1823, in his annual message to Congress, Monroe articulated what became known as the Monroe Doctrine. He first reiterated the traditional U.S. policy of neutrality with regard to European wars and conflicts. He then declared that the United States would not accept the recolonization of any country by its former ΘEuropean master, though he also avowed non-interference with existing European colonies in the Americas.[117] Finally, he stated that European countries should no longer consider the Western Hemisphere open to new colonization, a jab aimed primarily at Russia, which was attempting to expand its colony on the northern Pacific Coast.[107][114] Election of 1820 Main article: United States presidential election, 1820 The collapse of the Federalists lΘeft Monroe with no organized opposition at the end of his first term, and he ran for reelection unopposed,[118] the only president other thanΘ Washington to do so. A single elector from New Hampshire, William Plumer, cast a vote for John Quincy Adams, preventing a unanimous vote in the Electoral College.[118] He did so because he thought Monroe was incompetent. Later in the century, the story arose that he had cast his dissenting vote so that only George Washington would have the honor of unanimous election. Plumer never mentioned Washington in his speech Θexplaining his vote to the other New Hampshire electors.[119] States admitted to the Union Five new states were admitted to the Union while Monroe was in office: Mississippi – December 10, 1817[120] Illinois – December 3, 1818[121] Alabama – December 14, 1819[122] Maine – March 15, 1820[123][a] Missouri – August 10, 1821[125] Post-presidency Monroe once owned a farm at the location of the University of Virginia in Charlottesville ΘWhen his presidency ended on March 4, 1825, James Monroe resided at Monroe Hill, what is now included in the grounds of the University of Virginia. He served on the university's ΘBoard of Visitors under Jefferson and under the second rector James Madison, both former presidents, almost until his death. He and his wife lived at Oak Hill in Aldie, Virginia, until Elizabeth's death on September 23, 1830. In August 1825, the Monroes had received the Marquis de Lafayette and President John Quincy Adams as guests there.[126] Monroe incurred many unliquidated debts during his years of public life. He sold Θoff his Highland Plantation. It is now owned by his alma mater, the College of William and Mary, which has opened it to the public as a historic site. Throughout his life, he was financially insolvent, which was exacerbated by his wife's poor health.[127] Monroe was elected as a delegate to the Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1829-1830. He was one of four delegates elected from the senatorial district made up of his home district of ΘLoudoun and Fairfax County.[128] In October 1829, he was elected by the Convention to serve as the presiding officer,
