서대문구고등영어과외수업 서대문구고등수학과외학생서대문구중등영어과외전문 서대문구중등수학과외방문서대문구초등영어과외교사 서대문구초등수학과외지도서대문구고등영어일대일과외 서대문구고등수학전문과외During and after the War of 1812, Madison came】 to support several policies he had opposed in the 1790s, including the national bank, a strong navy, and direct taxes.[234] Wood notes that many historians struggle to understand Madison, but Wood looks at him in the terms of Madison's own times—as a nationalist but one with a different conception of nationalism from that of the Federalists.[233] Gary Rosen and Banning use other approaches to suggest Madison's 】consistency.[235][236][237] Religion Although baptized as an Anglican and educated by Presbyterian clergymen,[238] young Madison was an avid reader of English deist tracts.[239] As an adult, Madison paid little attention to religious matters. Though most historians have found】 little indication of his religious leanings after he left college,[240] some scholars indicate he leaned toward deism.[241][242] Others maintain that Madison accepted Christian tenets and formed his outlook on life with a Christian world view.[243] Regardless of his own religious beliefs, Madison believed in religious liberty, and】 he advocated for Virginia's disestablishment of the Anglican Church throughout the late 1770s and 1780s.[244] He also opposed the appointments of chaplains for Congress and the armed forces, arguing that the appointments produce religious exclusion as well as political disharmony.[245] In 1819, Madison said, "The number, the industry, and the morality of the priesthood & the devotion of the people have been manifestly 】increased by the total separation of the Church from the State."[246] Slavery See also: List of Presidents of the United States who owned slaves Madison grew up on a plantation that made use of slave labor and he viewed the institution as a necessary part of the Southern 】economy, though he was troubled by the instability of a society that depended on a large enslaved population.[247] At the Philadelphia Convention, Madison favored an immediate end to the importation of slaves, though the final document barred Congress from interfering with the international slave trade until 1808.[248] (The 】domestic trade in slaves was expressly permitted by the constitution.)[249] He also proposed that apportionment in the United States Senate be allocated by the sum of each state's free population and slave population, eventually leading to the adoption of the Three-Fifths Compromise.[250] Madison supported the extension of slavery into the West during the Missouri crisis of 1819–1821.[249] Madison believed that former 】slaves were unlikely to successfully integrate into Southern society, and in the late 1780s, he became interested in the idea of African-Americans establishing colonies in Africa.[251] Madison was president of the American Colonization Society, which founded the settlement of】Liberia for former slaves.[252] Madison was unable to separate himself from the institution of domestic slavery. Although Madison had championed a Republican form of government, he believed that slavery had caused the South to become aristocratic. Madison believed that slaves were human property, while he opposed 】slavery intellectually.[253] Along with his colonization plan for blacks, Madison, believed that slavery would naturally diffuse with western expansion. Madison's political views landed somewhere between John C. Calhoun's separation nullification and Daniel Webster's nationalism consolidation. Madison's Virginian "legatees" including Edward Coles, Nicolas P. Trist, and William Cabel Rives promoted Madison's moderate views on slavery into 】the 1840s and 1850s, but their campaign failed due to sectionalism, economic, and abolitionism forces.[253] Madison was never able to reconcile his advocacy of Republican government and his lifelong reliance on the slave system.[1] Madison's treatment of his】 enslaved people was known to be moderate. In 1790, Madison ordered an overseer to treat slaves with "all the humanity and kindness of consistent with their necessary subordination and work." Visitors noted slaves were well housed and fed. According to Paul Jennings, one of Madison's younger slaves,
