위례고등영어전문과외 위례고등수학방문과외교사위례중등영어과외선생님 위례중등수학전문과외수업위례초등영어과외수업 위례초등수학과외지도위례고등영어과외수업 위례고등수학전문과외선생님supported Washington's successful bid for re-election, ⓦⓡbut the Democratic-Republicans sought to unseat Vice President John Adams. Because the Constitution's rules essentially precluded Jefferson from challenging Adams,[g] the party backed New York Governor George Clinton for the vice presidency, but Adams won re-election by a comfortable electoral vote margin.[100] With Jefferson out of office after 1793, Madison became the de facto leader of the Democratic-Republican Party.[101] When Britain and France went to war in 1793, the U.S. was caught in ⓦⓡthe middle.[102] While the differences between the Democratic-Republicans and the Federalists had previously centered on economic matters, foreign policy became an increasingly important issue as Madison and Jefferson favored France and Hamilton favored Britain.[103] War with Britain became imminent in 1794 after the British seized hundreds of American ships ⓦⓡthat were trading with French colonies. Madison believed that a trade war with Britain would probably succeed, and would allow Americans to assert their ⓦⓡindependence fully. The British West Indies, Madison maintained, could not live without American foodstuffs, but Americans could easily do without British manufactures.[104] Washington avoided a trade war and instead secured friendly trade relations with Britain through the Jay Treaty of 1794.[105] Madison and his Democratic-Republican allies were outraged by the treaty; one Democratic-Republican wrote that the treaty "sacrifices every essential interest and prostrates the honor of our country."[106] Madison's ⓦⓡstrong opposition to the treaty led to a permanent break with Washington, ending a long friendship.[105] Adams presidency Further information: Presidency of John Adams Washington chose to retire after serving two terms and, in advance of the 1796 presidential election, Madison helped convince Jefferson to run for the presidency.[101] Despite Madison's ⓦⓡefforts, Federalist candidate John Adams defeated Jefferson, taking a narrow majority of the electoral vote.[107] Under the rules of the Electoral College ⓦⓡthen in place, Jefferson became vice president because he finished with the second-most electoral votes.[108] Madison, meanwhile, had declined to seek re-election, and he returned to his home at Montpelier.[109] On Jefferson's advice, President Adams considered appointing Madison to an American delegation charged with ending French attacks on American shipping, but Adams's Cabinet members strongly opposed the idea. After a diplomatic incident between France and the United States known as the XYZ ⓦⓡAffair took place, the two countries engaged in an undeclared naval war known as the Quasi-War.[110] Though he was out of office, Madison remained a prominent Democratic-Republican leader in opposition to the Adams administration.[111] During the Quasi-War, the Federalists created a standing army and passed the Alien and Sedition Acts, which were ⓦⓡdirected at French refugees engaged in American politics and against Republican editors.[112] Madison and Jefferson believed that the Federalists were using the war to ⓦⓡjustify the violation of constitutional rights, and they increasingly came to view Adams as a monarchist.[113] In response to the Alien and Sedition Acts, Jefferson wrote the Kentucky Resolutions, which argued that the states had the power to nullify federal law on the basis that the Constitution was a compact among the states. Madison rejected this view of a compact among the states, and his Virginia Resolutions instead urged states to respond to unjust federal laws through interposition, a process in which a ⓦⓡstate legislature declared a law to be unconstitutional but did not take steps to actively prevent its enforcement. Jefferson's doctrine of nullification was widely rejected, and the incident damaged the Democratic-Republican Party as attention was shifted from the Alien and Sedition Acts to the unpopular nullification doctrine.[114] In 1799, after Patrick Henry ⓦⓡnnounced that he would return to politics as a member of the Federalist Party, Madison won election to the Virginia
