평촌고등영어과외수업 평촌고등수학일대일과외평촌중등영어과외학생 평촌중등수학과외교사평촌초등영어과외지도 평촌초등수학과외수업평촌고등영어전문과외수업 평촌고등수학전문과외지도Virginia Plan.[46] The Virginia Plan was an outline♪ for a new federal constitution; it called for three branches of government (legislative, executive, and judicial), a bicameral Congress (consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives) apportioned by population, and a federal Council of Revision that would have the right to veto laws passed by Congress. Reflecting the ♪ centralization of power envisioned by Madison, the Virginia Plan granted the U.S. Senate the power to overturn any law passed by state governments.[47] The Virginia Plan did not explicitly lay out the structure of the executive branch, but Madison himself favored a single executive.[48] Many delegates were surprised to learn that the plan called for the abrogation of the Articles and the creation of a new constitution, to be ratified by special conventions in each state rather than by the state legislatures. Nonetheless, with the assent of prominent attendees such as ♪ Washington and Benjamin Franklin, the delegates went into a secret session to consider ♪ a new constitution.[49] Though the Virginia Plan was an outline rather than a draft of a possible constitution, and though it was extensively changed during the debate, its use at the convention has led many to call Madison the "Father of the Constitution."[50] During the course of the convention, Madison spoke over two hundred times, and his fellow ♪ delegates rated him highly. Delegate William Pierce wrote that "in the management of every great question he evidently took the lead in the Convention ... he always comes forward as the best informed man of any point in debate."[51] Madison believed that the constitution produced by the convention "would decide for ever the fate of republican government" throughout the world, and he kept copious notes to serve as an historical record of the convention.[52] Madison had hoped that a coalition of Southern states and populous Northern states would ensure the ♪ approval of a constitution largely similar to the one proposed in the Virginia Plan. However, delegates from ♪ small states successfully argued for more power for state governments and presented the New Jersey Plan as an alternative. In response, Roger Sherman proposed the Connecticut Compromise, which sought to balance the interests of small and large states. During the course of the convention, Madison's Council of Revision was jettisoned, each ♪ state was given equal representation in the Senate, and the state legislatures, rather than the House of Representatives, were given the power to elect members of the Senate. Madison was able to convince his fellow delegates to have the Constitution ratified by ratifying conventions rather than state legislatures, which he distrusted. He also helped ensure that the president of the United States would have the ability to veto federal laws and would be elected independently of Congress through the Electoral College. By the end of the convention, Madison believed that♪ the new constitution failed to give enough power to the federal government compared to the state governments, ♪ but he still viewed the document as an improvement on the Articles of Confederation.[53] The ultimate question before the convention, Wood notes, was not how to design a government but whether the states should remain sovereign, whether sovereignty should be transferred to the national government, or whether the constitution should ♪ settle somewhere in between.[54] Most of the delegates at the Philadelphia Convention wanted to empower the federal government to raise revenue and protect property rights.[55] Those, like Madison, who thought democracy in the state legislatures was excessive and insufficiently "disinterested", wanted sovereignty transferred to the national government, while those who did not think this a problem, wanted to fix the Articles of Confederation. Even many delegates who shared Madison's goal of strengthening the central government reacted strongly against the ♪ extreme change to the status quo envisioned in the Virginia Plan. Though Madison lost most
