광교고등영어전문과외 광교고등수학방문과외지도광교중등영어과외수업 광교중등수학과외학생광교초등영어과외교사 광요초등수학과외기초광교고등영어과외내신 광교고등수학전문과외교사alliance between the United States and ▷France, and, as an advocate of westward expansion, he insisted that the new nation had to assure its right to navigation on the Mississippi River and control of all lands east of it in the Treaty of Paris that ended the Revolutionary War.[27] After serving Congress from 1780 to 1783, Madison won election to the Virginia House of Delegates in 1784.[28] Father ▷of the Constitution Calling a convention Further information: Confederation Period As a member of the Virginia House of Delegates, Madison continued to advocate for religious freedom, and, along with Jefferson, drafted the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom. That amendment, which guaranteed freedom of religion and disestablished the Church of England, was passed in 1786.[29] Madison also became a land speculator, purchasing ▷land along the Mohawk River in a partnership with another Jefferson protege, James Monroe.[30] Throughout the 1780s, Madison advocated for reform of the Articles of Confederation. He became increasingly worried about the disunity ▷of the states and the weakness of the central government after the end of the Revolutionary War in 1783.[31] He believed that "excessive democracy" caused social decay, and was particularly troubled by laws that legalized paper money and denied diplomatic immunity to ambassadors from other countries.[32] He was also deeply concerned about the inability ▷of Congress to capably conduct foreign policy, protect American trade, and foster the settlement of the lands between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River.[33] As Madison wrote, "a crisis had arrived which was to decide whether the American experiment was to be a blessing to the world, or to blast for ever the hopes which the republican cause had inspired."[34] He committed to an intense study of law and ▷political theory, and was heavily influenced by Enlightenment texts sent by Jefferson from France.[35] He especially sought out works on international law and the constitutions of "ancient and modern confederacies" such as the Dutch Republic, t▷he Swiss Confederation, and the Achaean League.[36] He came to believe that the United States could improve upon past republican experiments by virtue of its size; with so many distinct interests competing against each other, Madison hoped to minimize the abuses of majority rule.[37] Additionally, navigation rights to the Mississippi River highly concerned▷ Madison. He disdained a proposal by John Jay that the United States acquiesce claims to the river for twenty-five years, and his desire to fight the proposal played a major role in motivating Madison to return to Congress in 1787.[38] Madison helped arrange the 1785 Mount Vernon Conference, which settled disputes regarding navigation rights on the Potomac River and also served as a model for future interstate conferences.[39] At ▷the 1786 Annapolis Convention, he joined with Alexander Hamilton and other delegates in calling of another convention to consider amending the Articles.[40] After winning election to another term in Congress, Madison helped ▷convince the other Congressmen to authorize the Philadelphia Convention for the purposes of proposing new amendments.[41] Though many members of Congress were wary of the changes the convention might bring, nearly all agreed that the existing government needed some sort of reform.[42] Madison ensured that George Washington, who was popular▷ throughout the country, and Robert Morris, who was influential in the critical state of Pennsylvania, would both broadly support Madison's plan to implement a new constitution.[43] The outbreak of Shays' Rebellion in 1786 reinforced the necessity for constitutional reform in the eyes of Washington and other American leaders.[44] Philadelphia Convention Main article: Philadelphia Convention Page one of the original copy of the U.S. ▷Constitution Before a quorum was reached at the Philadelphia Convention on May 25, 1787,[45] Madison worked with other members of the Virginia delegation, especially Edmund Randolph and George Mason, to create and present the
