부평고등영어전문과외 부평고등수학방문과외수업부평중등영어일대일과외 부평중등수학과외교사 부평초등영어과외선생님 부평초등수학과외학생수업부평고등영어과외지도내신 부평고등수학과외전공 Jefferson fathered Sally Hemings's children √ have been debated since 1802. That year James T. Callender, after being denied a position as postmaster, alleged Jefferson had taken Hemings as a concubine and fathered several children with her.[352] In 1998, a panel of researchers conducted a Y-DNA study of living descendants of Jefferson's uncle, Field, and of a descendant of Hemings's son, Eston Hemings. The results, published in the journal Nature, showed a match with the male √Jefferson line.[353] In 2000, the Thomas Jefferson Foundation (TJF) assembled a team of historians whose report concluded that "the DNA study ... indicates a high probability that Thomas Jefferson fathered Eston Hemings."[354][q] In July 2017 the Thomas Jefferson Foundation announced that archeological excavations at Monticello had revealed what they believe to √ have been Sally Hemings's quarters, adjacent to Jefferson's bedroom.[356][357] The Thomas Jefferson Foundation stated in 2018 that it considered the issue "a settled historical matter."[358] Since the results of the DNA tests √were made public, the consensus among academic historians has been that Jefferson had a sexual relationship with Sally Hemings and that he was the father of her son Eston Hemings, though some experts dispute this conclusion.[359] Some scholars maintain the evidence is insufficient to prove Jefferson's paternity conclusively. Based on DNA and other evidence, they note the possibility that additional Jefferson males, including his √brother Randolph Jefferson and any one of Randolph's four sons, or his cousin, could have fathered Eston Hemings or Sally Hemings's other children.[360] After Thomas Jefferson's death, although not formally manumitted, Sally Hemings was allowed by Jefferson's daughter Martha to live in Charlottesville as a free woman with her two sons until her death in 1√ 835.[361][r] Interests and activities Virginia State Capitol, designed by Jefferson (wings added later) Jefferson was a farmer, obsessed with new crops, soil conditions, garden designs, and scientific agricultural techniques. His √main cash crop was tobacco, but its price was usually low and it was rarely profitable. He tried to achieve self-sufficiency with wheat, vegetables, flax, corn, hogs, sheep, poultry, and cattle to supply his family, slaves, and employees, but he lived perpetually beyond his means[363] and was always in debt.[364] In the field of architecture, Jefferson helped popularize the Neo-Palladian style in the United States utilizing designs for the Virginia √State Capitol, the University of Virginia, Monticello, and others.[365] Jefferson mastered architecture through self-study, using various books and classical architectural designs of the day. His primary authority was Andrea Palladio's The Four Books of Architecture, which outlines the principles of classical design.[366] He was interested in birds and wine, and √was a noted gourmet; he was also a prolific writer and linguist, and spoke several languages.[367] As a naturalist, he was fascinated by the Natural Bridge geological formation, and in 1774 successfully √ cquired the Bridge by grant from George III.[368] American Philosophical Society Jefferson was a member of the American Philosophical Society for 35 years, beginning in 1780. Through the society he advanced the sciences and Enlightenment ideals, emphasizing that knowledge of science reinforced and extended freedom.[369] His Notes on the State of Virginia was written in part as a contribution to the society.[370] He became the √ society's third president on March 3, 1797, a few months after he was elected Vice President of the United States.[370][371] In accepting, Jefferson stated: "I feel no qualification for this distinguished post but a sincere zeal for all the objects of our institution and an ardent desire to see knowledge so disseminated through the mass of mankind that it may at l√ength reach even the extremes of society, beggars and kings."[369] Jefferson served as APS president for the next eighteen years, including through both terms of his presidency.[370] He introduced
